![\"Th\u1eed](\"https:\/\/www.wrapfilmtest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Tensile-Testing-of-Polymers-Understanding-ASTM-D638-for-Plastic-Material-Testing.webp\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nTh\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ee5c l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a<\/strong>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng (v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng co gi\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong>: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong>: \u00c1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nASTM D638: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polyme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD638<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1<\/strong> v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a gia c\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D638<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
M\u1eabu th\u1eed<\/strong>: Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D638 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u00e1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu th\u1eed b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong>: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D638 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polymer v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nT\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00e9o trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m polymer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong>, cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a polymer khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong>: C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 polymer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong>: Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong>, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polymer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nHi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n1. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polymer l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng khi b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> n\u01a1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, linh ki\u1ec7n \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 polymer b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTrong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bao b\u00ec gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong> \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polymer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9t. \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e0ng d\u1ebbo dai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng b\u1ecdc co gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTrong khi s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong> gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo<\/strong> V\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi polymer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n1. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao b\u00ec<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nTrong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer<\/strong> gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/strong> V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a, chai l\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 r\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, trong khi chai l\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bao b\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong> V\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polymer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i y t\u1ebf<\/strong> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00fai truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ti\u00eam c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n trong khi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. \u00d4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\nTrong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a polymer<\/strong> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite polymer<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e2n xe ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nPh\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD638<\/strong>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong>, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong>, V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/strong>, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/strong>, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polymer l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 M\u00e1y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a Cell Instruments<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1.\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a polymer l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a polymer trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bao b\u00ec, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2.Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ASTM D638 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u00e1c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD638<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng, nh\u1ef1a, cao su v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong>, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong>, V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/strong> c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3.T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/strong>, \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u1eddi<\/strong>, V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/strong>, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4.S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00e9o l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, trong khi s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n5.L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nKhi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y th\u1eed k\u00e9o, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a, m\u00e1y th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polymer d\u00e0y h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD638<\/strong> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a polymer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a polymer, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m polymer, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D638 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 [\u2026]","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-wrap-film-test"],"yoast_head":"\n
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